Human Relations Education Once Considered 'Communist Plot'

Going back to 1980 to write The Sex Ed ChroniclesSchmitz became the presidential candidate of the
required me to return to the 60's and 70's to get theAmerican Independent Party, attracting over a million
political setting just right. Until I started my research,votes.
I did not know that sex education had beenAside from linkages to Communism and liberal
considered part of a 'Communist plot.'ideology, opposing arguments against sex education
In 1960, John Birch Society president Robert Welchwere similar to today: classes are too explicit or
urged parents to join their local Parent-Teacherspecific; they are taught too early; or, abstinence
Associations and take them over. According to ashould be stressed over contraception.
Time magazine reporter in 1969, Welch had "decidedHowever, during the 60's, the organized opposition
that sex education was a 'Communist plot' akin towas also linked to causes that had become, or were
community fluoridation plans."about to become unpopular. Parents could be
As part of my research, I read a National Educationopposed to sex education, but also opposed to, as
Association (NEA) manual, published in 1970, advisingexamples, anti-Semitism, anti-Catholicism or the
state and local teacher's unions on how to confrontVietnam War. As a result, single-issue groups strictly
extremists opposed to sex education in the publicopposed to sex education were more effective than
schools. The manual referred to a documentarybroad coalitions.
supported by the Society called 'The InnocentsToday's opposition to sex education is more
Defiled' which put sex education instructors in ansophisticated; conservative Republicans have done a
unflattering light, saying that they were spreadingmuch better job of being more inclusive and grass
"moral depravity" and that they were "bent on theroots; they are embarrassed when they are seen on
corruption of America's youth, with the ultimate aimthe side of any organized group that preaches
of overthrowing the United States."segregation or discrimination, or shown as hypocrites
The John Birch Society also formed a front groupwhen they take moral actions contrary to their
called the Movement to Restore Decencypolitical views.
(MOTOREDE) to attract non-members to their cause.Sex education advocates are also more
The NEA manual mentioned an irony: the Societysophisticated; they are better focused on the health
emulated the Communist party, their sworn enemy,and medical reasons for comprehensive sex
by forming a front to hide their true motives. Thiseducation, and less disposed to label their opposition
movement did succeed in attracting its own base:as fanatics. There were quick dismissals along this
according to author and sociologist Janice Irvine, 80tone during the 60's; they kept their opposition
to 90 percent of MOTOREDE members were notalive-and possibly legitimized them with voters.
John Birchers. MOTOREDE was not the onlyA major problem history showed was that sex
organization of its kind; others were parents'educators had looked at their cause as a liberal one;
organizations with names such as Sanity of Sexthat was a mistake in appealing to states with sizable
(S.O.S.) and Parents against Universal Sex Educationconservative voting blocs and activist conservative
(PAUSE).legislators. Neither conservatives nor liberals want
While opinion polls of the time showed overwhelmingtheir opponent's views legislated on them, even when
(71 percent) support for sex education, and sexthey are in the minority.
education was endorsed by not only the NEA, butToday, people of all views are more accepting
also the National Council of Churches, the Americantowards sex education. We do see legislatures with
Medical Association and the U.S. Catholic Conference,'abstinence-only' and 'abstinence until marriage'
vocal conservative opposition led legislators topositions as well as 'opt-in' policies-but sex education
reconsider sex education, or gave their political kinis not going away. Advocates need to do a better
ammunition to fight it. Organizations opposed to sexjob of convincing voters that comprehensive sex
education in public schools existed in 35 states ineducation is not a liberal issue, but a health and
1969.medical one, as well as an opportunity to deter
One politician, for example, the late California Statepredatory acts and child abuse.
Senator John Schmitz, introduced the Sex EducationToday, we see a presidency that prefers to fund
Act of 1969 in the Golden State. While innocently'abstinence until marriage' programs, although some
named, this legislation required an 'opt-in,' meaninggovernors courageously refused to pursue the
that any sex education program required 100 percentmoney this time around, as the requirements became
parental approval before it could be taught in a publictoo extreme-to educate 'abstinence until marriage'
school. Schmitz' legislation also called for dismissal andthrough the age of 29. However, the next
revocation of teaching credentials for any instructorpresidency will promise a more moderate position-or
who taught an unapproved class. Three years later,leave the funding issues to the states.
elected as a Congressman from Orange County,